"toiling" meaning in Middle English

See toiling in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈtui̯linɡ/, /ˈtɔi̯linɡ/ Forms: toilinge [alternative], toylinge [alternative], tolyynge [alternative]
Etymology: From toilen + -ing. Etymology templates: {{af|enm|toilen|-ing}} toilen + -ing Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} toiling
  1. (rare) A fight; strife (deadly discord between two parties) Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-toiling-enm-noun-iFtK2P2d Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -ing, Violence Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ing: 29 10 14 30 17 Disambiguation of Violence: 24 42 34
  2. (rare) The manufacture of leather using a person's teeth to draw on it. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-toiling-enm-noun-~WM8Ui63 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -ing, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Violence, War Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 29 7 9 39 16 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ing: 29 10 14 30 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 41 7 5 35 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 42 4 3 43 8 Disambiguation of Violence: 24 42 34 Disambiguation of War: 28 41 31
  3. (rare, law) The initiation of a lawsuit. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-toiling-enm-noun-xx4VyeWT Categories (other): Law, Middle English terms suffixed with -ing, Pages with 2 entries, Violence Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ing: 29 10 14 30 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 41 7 5 35 13 Disambiguation of Violence: 24 42 34 Topics: law

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "toiling"
          },
          "expansion": "English: toiling",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: toiling"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "toilen",
        "3": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "toilen + -ing",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From toilen + -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "toilinge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toylinge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tolyynge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "toiling",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 10 14 30 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ing",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 42 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fight; strife (deadly discord between two parties)"
      ],
      "id": "en-toiling-enm-noun-iFtK2P2d",
      "links": [
        [
          "fight",
          "fight"
        ],
        [
          "strife",
          "strife"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A fight; strife (deadly discord between two parties)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 7 9 39 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 10 14 30 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ing",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 7 5 35 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 4 3 43 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 42 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 41 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "War",
          "orig": "enm:War",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The manufacture of leather using a person's teeth to draw on it."
      ],
      "id": "en-toiling-enm-noun-~WM8Ui63",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) The manufacture of leather using a person's teeth to draw on it."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "enm:Law",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 10 14 30 17",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ing",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 7 5 35 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 42 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The initiation of a lawsuit."
      ],
      "id": "en-toiling-enm-noun-xx4VyeWT",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, law) The initiation of a lawsuit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtui̯linɡ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɔi̯linɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toiling"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -ing",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Violence",
    "enm:War"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "toiling"
          },
          "expansion": "English: toiling",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: toiling"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "toilen",
        "3": "-ing"
      },
      "expansion": "toilen + -ing",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From toilen + -ing.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "toilinge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toylinge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tolyynge",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "toiling",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A fight; strife (deadly discord between two parties)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fight",
          "fight"
        ],
        [
          "strife",
          "strife"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A fight; strife (deadly discord between two parties)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The manufacture of leather using a person's teeth to draw on it."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) The manufacture of leather using a person's teeth to draw on it."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses",
        "enm:Law"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The initiation of a lawsuit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, law) The initiation of a lawsuit."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtui̯linɡ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtɔi̯linɡ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "toiling"
}

Download raw JSONL data for toiling meaning in Middle English (1.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.